German prepositions with datives. Prepositions in German (translation of German prepositions) German prepositions by case

Prepositions in German have the same purpose as in Russian. They help words or phrases unite into a single semantic unit, that is, into a sentence. Prepositions in German are usually placed before the object to which they are directly related.

Classification

The use of prepositions in relation to cases

It is interesting that for some prepositions one of the existing cases is necessarily constant. The second can be found only in some cases. It’s better to show everything with a clear example. Let's say this sentence: Trotz dem Schneefall (Dativ) wollte Mark mit dem Auto in die Berge fahren. It is translated as follows: “Despite the snowfall, Mark wanted to drive a car to the mountains.” This sentence clearly shows the use of the dative case. And this, I must say, is quite rare in the German language, or rather, in colloquial speech. What about other cases? for example, it is used in rare cases of control with the preposition des (“in”); in sentences where this occurs, des comes after the noun.

Nominativ and Akkusativ

There are also prepositions with which it is not necessary to use complements in any strictly defined case. To be more specific, these are als and wie. Nouns that come after these prepositions are declined in the same way as the members of the sentence corresponding to them. This can be seen in the following example: Mario kannte ihren Schwester als Schüler (this is Nominativ). This sentence is translated as follows: “Mario knew her sister as a schoolgirl.” In another way, using Akkusativ, the phrase can be constructed as follows: Mario kannte ihren schwester als Schüler. It translates almost the same way: “Mario knew her sister when she was a schoolgirl.” Both examples are directly related to each other. But in the first case, the subject is correlated with the noun after als (accordingly, it is necessary to use Nominativ), but in the second case Akkusativ is used, since there is an addition. In general, prepositions of control in German are not anything complicated; the main thing here is to learn the purpose of the cases and the translation of the words themselves.

Universal use of prepositions

This is a rather interesting topic, and you should also know it in order to be able to correctly express your thoughts. If you want, for example, to say: “I’m going to Germany,” then it would be correct to use nach here. This preposition indicates a direction, and in this case the sentence would look like this: Ich fahre nach Deutschland. By the way, nach is used in relation to countries that do not have neuter states, such as Russia, Italy, Germany, France, etc. This preposition is also used if you need to answer the question about what time it is . For example: zwanzig Minuten nach fünf (twenty minutes past six). Only in this case the preposition is translated as “after” (if literally). I would also like to pay special attention to the frequently encountered Für. Usually used in relation to someone. Für dich, Für mich, Für alle da (for you, for me, for everyone), etc. That is, it indicates the purpose, purpose, addressee. But this preposition is often used as a replacement for the meaning “for someone.” For example: Sie hat schon für mich bezahlt (she has already paid for me).

What prepositions exist

Finally, I would like to list all existing prepositions in the German language. The table in which they are most often presented is not very large, and remembering everything is much easier than it seems. People learning this language remember them by comparison. An - translated as “above” or “on”, depending on the use of the case. Auf determines the location of a person, an object or even a phenomenon: Alles was auf der Bühnepassiert, ist Wahnsinn (translation: “Everything that happens on stage is madness”). Hinter is a translation of our preposition “for”, and the German in is an absolute analogy of the same word in English. That is, it is translated as “in”: Ich bin jetzt in der Kneipe (translation: “I’m in the pub now”). There are also prepositions über (through, over) and vor (before, before, before).

As a matter of fact, these and the previously listed prepositions are the most used and frequently encountered in the German language. This topic is not as complex as, for example, the use of verbs. Prepositions in German have the same meaning and translation as in Russian, and this determines the comparative ease of mastering them. And if you practice using them, then very soon the result will be visible, and the person will no longer hesitate to correctly construct a sentence.

In the land of German grammar there was one city called “German prepositions.” It is not difficult to guess that they lived there - pretexts. The inhabitants there were different... Their names were: an, in, auf, bis, ohne, von, zu, trotz, gegen, nach, wegen, seit, hinter, während... It’s impossible to remember them all at once. But you will get to know them as the story progresses.

Chapter 1: German prepositions and important corporations of their city

In the country of German pretexts, there were three large corporations - for which the inhabitants worked. These corporations were called: Dativ, Genetiv, Akkusativ.

Genetiv was considered the most prestigious company. Although there were rumors that it had lost its position and no one used the molds produced there anymore. But this is all gossip!

Those working there were proud of the fact that they had little work - but the importance did not diminish. Well, what work of art or official document is complete without pretexts that work for Genetiv? There are no such things! They even considered themselves almost nobles, and said that they came from royal families. They didn’t like being used in conversations; they only liked written German.

These prepositions, for example, occupied a special place in the corporation, since they worked only on the genitive:

abseits - aside, angesichts - in view of, anhand -with the help of, anlässlich - on occasion, anstelle - instead of, aufgrund - because of, außerhalb - outside / beyond, bezüglich - relatively / regarding, diesseits - on the other side, halber - for the sake of/ because of, hinsichtlich - regarding, infolge - as a result of, innerhalb - within, jenseits - on the other side, kraft - by virtue of / by right, längs - along, mithilfe - with the help, oberhalb - on top / over / above, um...willen – for the sake of, ungeachtet – besides/despite, unterhalb – under/below, zugunsten – in favor, zuungunsten – not in favor.

YES!!! WHAT IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IS AN ADVERB OR A WHOLE PHRASE - IN GERMAN CAN ONLY BE A PREPOSITION.

The following prepositions were considered genetic - officially, but sometimes they worked as datives. Mainly in colloquial speech.

abzüglich - minus, ausschließlich - except for, binnen - inside / in / during, dank - thanks to, einschließlich - inclusive, exklusive - excluding, inklusive - including, laut - according to, mangels, mittels - , (an)statt - instead , trotz – despite, während – during, wegen – because of, zuzüglich – considering.

Look, it’s the same job, but in writing it’s the genitive, and in conversation it’s the dative.

Wir sind wegen des Sturms abgefahren.

Wir sind wegen dem Sturm abgefahren.

Translation: We left because of the storm.

We can say that these prepositions were cunning and in colloquial speech they added an article form, shamelessly taken from a corporation called Dative. So that no one decides that the great Genetiv corporation is engaged in such dirty work as “participating in conversational speech.”

German prepositions working at the Accusativ Corporation

In Accusative, these prepositions worked hard: bis, um, für, durch, ohne, gegen.

für – for

Sie demonstrieren für den Frieden. – They stand for peace.

durch – through, by, on

Sie wanderten stundenlang durch den bayrischen Wald.“They walked for hours through the Bavarian forest.

ohne
Einen Kaffee ohne Zucker und Sahne, bitte. – Coffee without sugar and cream, please.

um – around, in (when denoting time)

Die Katze ist um das Haus geschlichen.– The cat was sneaking around the house.

gegen – against, on, in relation to, about (about time)

Ich bin gegen diese Reise.– I am against this trip.

Er ist unfreundlich gegen mich. - He is unfriendly towards me.

bis - up to

Wir fahren nur bis Hamburg.– We are only going as far as Hamburg.

German prepositions working at the Dativ Corporation

The following pretexts worked at the Dativ Corporation: Außer, ab, bei, seit, mit, nach, gegenüber, aus, von, zu.

mit – with

Alexander spielt mit der Katze.- Alexander plays with the cat.

nach – after, in, by

Ich fahre nach Italien. - I'm going to Italy.

aus – from, with

Sie nimmt Geld aus der Kasse.- She takes money from the cash register.

zu – to, on, before, by

Wir fahren zu Oma und Opa.– We are going to visit our grandparents.

von – from, with, from
Er kommt müde von der Arbeit.- He comes home tired from work.

bei – at (someone), during, at, around (local proximity), at

Bei schlechtem Wetter fällt die Wanderung aus.– In case of bad weather, the trip is cancelled.

seit – from (any time to the present)

Seit einem Monat ist er kaum zu Hause. – He has rarely been home for the last month.

außer – except

Alle außer Tina waren in der Ausstellung. – Everyone except Tina was at the exhibition.

gegenüber - opposite

Gegenüber dem Kaufhaus ist eine Eisdiele. – Opposite the shopping center there is an ice cream parlor.

German prepositions working in two shifts

There were also excuses - people who needed to work very hard to feed their families. They worked day and night - both in Dativa and Accusativa. Such a difficult fate was theirs.

Here they are, the poor things: An, auf, hinter, neben, in, über, unter, vor, zwischen!

An – at, on
Sie gehen an den Strand. - They are going to the beach.
Sie spielen an dem Strand.- They are playing on the beach.

in – in
Ich gehe in das Haus.- I'm going home.
Ich wohne in dem Haus. - I live at home.

neben - about
Stell den Stuhl neben mich.– Place a chair next to me.
Der Stuhl steht neben mir .- The chair is standing next to me.

vor – before
Ich fahre vor das Haus. - I'm driving in front of the house.
Es steht vor dem Haus.- He is standing in front of the house.

The accusative prepositions went to work, answering the question where? And the dative required them to answer the question - where? It's not difficult, is it?

Special pretext

And one of the prepositions was a jack of all trades, a great hard worker - he needed both the genitive, and the dative, and the accusative. This preposition is entlang.

With the dative (less often with the genitive), the preposition works by coming before the noun: Entlang dem Weg (des Weges) stehen schöne Wochenendhäuser. – There are beautiful country houses along the road.

It works with the accusative, coming after a noun: Der Weg führt den Bach entlang. - The path runs along the stream.

Family prepositions))

Prepositions even started families - and with whom? Mostly with articles and they even had children: new prepositions!
And this is what they ended up with...

An + dem = am

bei + dem = beim

In + dem = im

von + dem = vom

zu + dem = zum

zu + der = zur

an + das = ans

durch + das = durchs

für + das = fürs

in + das = ins

um + das = ums

vor + dem = vorm

And some prepositions escaped forever from the land of German prepositions and married - whoever you might think: and verbs - look what it was like. And on nouns, and even on adjectives. Or on adverbs, producing the following prepositional adverbs: dabei, davon, hiermit, wozu, etc. Everyone has their own destiny...

P.S. This was just an introductory article about prepositions, details are coming soon...

Each German case is governed by certain prepositions. The only exception is the nominative case; in it the names are in their original (in other words, dictionary) form, which is not used with any prepositions. Some prepositions may require only one specific case after themselves, while others may be used with different cases depending on the meaning conveyed. Prepositions of the dative case in German that govern exclusively this case are “(starting) with, from – ab”, “from – aus”, “y, with – bei”, “with (with) – mit”, “ after - nach", "(starting) with, from - seit", "from - von", "for, to - zu", "against, contrary to - entgegen", "according to, in accordance with - entsprechend", "against, in relation to – gegenüber”, “in accordance with, according to – gemäss”, “according to, being faithful – getreu”, “near, next to – nahe”, “against, on the contrary – vis-a-vis”, “for the sake of, for the sake of - zuliebe.” Among the prepositions of the dative case in German, there are those that can occupy not only the most common position before the controlled noun, but also follow it.

Similar lessons:

Dative prepositions in German